低活性矿渣内养护水泥砂浆自收缩与电阻率的关系

以预吸水低活性矿渣替代细集料作为内养护材料，研究低活性矿渣内养护砂浆自收缩与电阻率的变化规律，揭示两者的关系。结果表明：随着低活性矿渣掺量的增加，砂浆早期强度降低幅度大，随着龄期的延长，砂浆中后期强度降低幅度小于早期，建议低活性矿渣的合适掺量取为细集料质量的15%~25%；低活性矿渣内养护对砂浆电阻率发展影响明显，凝结硬化前，浆体电阻率随低活性矿渣掺量的增大而增大；凝结硬化后，浆体电阻率随低活性矿渣掺量的增大而减小；低活性矿渣内养护能有效抑制浆体各阶段的自收缩，尤其在快速收缩阶段和短暂膨胀阶段作用最为明显，同时，36 h龄期后电阻率与自收缩有很好的对应关系，可通过电阻率发展趋势预测自收缩的变化情况。     

外掺剂对冻融循环水泥土强度影响的试验研究

水泥土的缺点是抗冻性差，如何将其应用于季节性冻土区和多年冻土区一直是工程实践面临的一个重大课题。无侧限抗压强度是水泥土最基本、最重要的力学指标，通过室内试验，选择当地几种廉价的建筑材料与工业废料作为外掺剂，通过单掺和复掺试验，分析了这几种外掺剂对水泥土冻融循环前后无侧限抗压强度的影响及其促进作用。冻融循环试验结果表明：水泥土通过添加适量的外掺剂，能够达到提高水泥土强度和抗冻耐久性能的双重作用，并配制了一种以水泥土为主剂的性价比较高的复合水泥土，为外掺剂在寒区水泥土中的应用和工程设计提供理论和试验数据。     

用于250吨级筒仓水泥计量的超声方法

本文介绍了利用超声波测量250吨筒仓中水泥高度以计算其重量的方法，用这种方法得出的结果与用地秤称量得出的结果相符。     

Rheology and conduction calorimetry of cement modified with calcined paper sludge

This paper considers calcined paper sludge as an alternative source of metakaolin, an established supplementary cementitious material. Calcination of the sludge generated in the recycling of newsprint paper at 700 °C yields a product with pozzolanic properties. The effects of this recycled metakaolin on the rheology and conduction calorimetry of cement pastes have been studied and compared to the effects of commercial metakaolin. The effects are similar and the results show that calcined paper sludge has the potential to be used as a supplementary cementitious material. This offers a route for utilising this waste material, as an alternative to the increased environmental burden associated with the production of metakaolin from natural kaolinite resources.     

Water consumption of the early-age paste and the determination of “time-zero” of self-desiccation shrinkage

Self-desiccation shrinkage (SDS) is closely related to the interior water consumption and the relative humidity (IRH) drop in the cement paste. Substantial self-desiccation shrinkage has been observed at very early-age for high performance concrete. However, it is difficult to investigate the IRH by conventional method of hygrometer at this time because the materials are still in the superhygroscopic range. In this paper, an automatically measuring system of meniscus depression is developed on the base of the mechanism of tensiometer and Laplace formula. The interior water consumption and the IRH changing within the paste could be automatically monitored at the very early-age (here specially refers to the stage from the beginning of casting till several hours after final setting). By using this system, the effects of water to binder ratio and replacement of cement by fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag on the self-desiccation were investigated for the very early-age cement paste. Experimental results could potentially explain the mechanism of the SDS at very early-age as well as determine the “time-zero” of SDS corresponding to its definition.     

The effect of particle size distribution on the properties of blended cements incorporating GGBFS and natural pozzolan (NP)

This paper investigates the effect of particle size distribution on the properties of blended cements incorporating ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) and natural pozzolan (NP). Pure Portland cement (PPC), NP and GGBFS were used to obtain blended cements that contain 10, 20, 30% additives. The cements were produced by intergrinding and separate grinding and then blending. Each group had two different Blaine fineness of 280 m²/g and 480 m²/g. According to the particle size distribution (PSD) curves, 46% of the coarser specimens and 69% of the finer specimens passed through the 20 μm sieve. It was observed that the separately ground specimens were relatively finer than the interground ones and had higher compressive strength and sulfate resistance. The separately ground coarser specimens had the lowest heat of hydration. The separately ground finer specimens, which had the highest compressive strength and sulfate resistance, had the highest percent passing for each sieve size. For these specimens 34, 69, 81 and 99% passed through 5, 20, 30 and 55 μm sieves, respectively. For the interground specimens, which had the same fineness, the respective values for the same sieves were 32, 68, 75 and 94%.     

Contributions of NIST/NBS Researchers to the Crystallography of Construction Materials

For more than 100 years, the primary theme underlying the NBS/NIST staff contribution to the crystallography of building materials has been the development of an improved understanding of concrete materials performance. Over that time period, portland cement concrete has become one of the most important of our construction materials for roads, buildings, and other large municipal structures. At the beginning of the 20th century our understanding of portland cement composition, performance, use in concrete, and how the concrete performs in harsh environments was lacking. The efforts of NIST have served to advance construction materials science and technology through the combined efforts of experimental, field study, and theoretical computational materials science. One major achievement in the late 1920s, derived from studies on phase equilibria in cement clinker, allows calculation of potential cement clinker composition. Known as the Bogue calculation, this continues to be an essential tool in cement plant process control to this day. Additionally, contributions of NIST scientists to our knowledge of the chemistry and nature of cement hydration products have been crucial in our understanding of cement hydration and concrete durability. Today, computational materials science is a rapidly developing discipline, and NIST is developing tools incorporating predictive models aided by empirical studies. Examples include a computer-integrated knowledge system for prediction and optimization of performance and life-cycle cost of high performance concrete and the Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory. Understanding the relationships between material and performance properties has not been confined only to portland cements. One of the longest running experiments at NIST, the stone test wall, has stood for over 50 years as one of the world’s largest single collections of building stone, and is invaluable for studying weathering effects associated with stone mineralogy and texture. Standards development has also been promoted through participation on ASTM subcommittees on stone, cement, and concrete. The Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory, established in 1929, continues to provide testing and training for outside laboratories and maintains a historical record of test data on construction materials.     

Compactness of the Cement Microstructure Versus Crack Bridging in Mortars Reinforced with Amorphous Cast Iron Fibers and Silica Fumes

Both mechanical compaction and addition of pozzolanic silica fumes can provide low permeability interfacial transition zones around the fibers which reinforce a mortar matrix. This paper deals with the controversial effect of achieving a higher matrix compactness and its influence on the fracture behaviour of a mortar reinforced with amorphous cast iron fibers. Test were conducted in uniaxial tension on notched composite mortar prisms in order to plot load versus crack opening curves and evaluate the bridging energy provided by the fibers across a single opening crack. These measures were correlated to SEM observations of the microstructure of fiber/mortar interface, depending on the compaction energy and/or the mortar composition. It is relatively difficult to establish a compromise between ductility and high performance in terms of durability for the material system tested. Indeed, fibers were pulled out of low compactness mortars exhibiting large porous interfacial transition zones (ITZs) along the fiber surface. These zones mainly comprised fibrillous CSH, ettringite and large portlandite crystals. Conversely, when the ITZs around the fibers where filled with compact CSH, resulting from the pozzolanic reaction between silica fume and portlandite, no fiber slippage was observed, but the reinforced mortar broke in a quasi-brittle manner.     

利用波面水泥熟料冷却器回收能量

对波面水泥熟料冷却器的设计参数和经济指标进行了评价 ,论证了它用于能量回收的可行性 ,为水泥熟料冷却能量的回收提供了一条途径     

多功能钻井液可提高固井质量

矿渣是一种潜在的水硬材料,在水基钻井液中加入少量细目矿渣即配成多功能钻井液。固井时,用多功能钻井液和矿渣,并加适量激活剂即配制成矿渣钻井液固化液,可实现固井。文中介绍了多功能钻井液的性能和固化试验,矿渣钻井液固化液中激活剂扩散试验及抗压强度、流变性、稳定性、初终凝时间和硫酸盐侵蚀试验。认为,多功能钻井液在井下条件下,时间长了也可固化;激活剂能扩散到滤饼和未被顶替走的多功能钻井液中促其固化;矿渣水泥石能抗硫酸盐侵蚀,可满足固井要求。多功能钻井液提高固井质量技术特别适用于大位移井、水平井固井。